Sustaining our Peatlands: Proceedings of the 11th International Peat Congress Québec 2000 Vol II

Proceedings of the 11th International Peat Congress

Volume II

Commission IV: Physical, Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Peat
Commission V: After-use of Peatlands
Commission VII: Peatland Forestry
Special Contributions
Symposia and Round Table Discussions

Québec City, Canada

Editors: Line Rochefort & Jean-Yves Daigle

Edmonton 2000

ISBN 951-97744-4-0

Table of Contents / Table des matières

Official Sponsors of the 11th International Peat Congress /
Commanditaires officiels du 11e Congrès international de la tourbe
Donors and Sponsors Acknowledgement /
Remerciements pour les donateurs et commanditaires
Topics of the Congress / Thèmes du Congrès

CONTRIBUTED PAPERS / COMMUNICATIONS LIBRES

COMMISSION IV – PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PEAT / CARACTÉRISTIQUES PHYSIQUES, CHIMIQUES ET BIOLOGIQUES DE LA TOURBE

Peat Substrates / Substrats tourbeux

Peatnuggets – An Alternative Growing Media Constituent – C. Bohlin and P. Holmberg
Influence d’un hydrorétenteur et d’un agent mouillant sur la croissance d’espèces ornementales / Influence of a hydrophilic polymer and a wetting agent on the growth of Surfinia – D. Brisson, P. Jobin, J. Caron, C. Ménard and B. Dansereau
Aeration in Growing Media Containing Large Particle Sizes – J. Caron, P. Morel and L.-M. Rivière
Hydration Index: a Method for Measuring Peat and Substrate Wettability – W.C. Fonteno
Peat Growing Media in Modern Vegetable Production in Greenhouses – J. Huttunen and O. Reinikainen
Horticultural Properties of Peats as Related to Degree of Decomposition – M. Prasad and M.J. Maher
Potential of Bacillus Subtilis as an Amendment in Professional Peat-Based Growing Media – G. Roy, L. Dehbi and S. Gagné
Production and Processing of Peat-Based Growing Media – A Precondition for Sustainable Horticulture in Europe – G. Schmilewski and H. Falkenberg
Effect of Soil Water Potential on Nutrient Availability and Uptake for Poinsettia Growing in Peat-Based Medium – Z. Strojny and J.S. Nowak
The Effects of Self-Heating on the Quality of Peat for Horticultural Purposes – W.L. van Schie

Physical and Chemical Properties of Peat / Propriétés physiques et chimiques des tourbes

Radionuclide Migration in Peat Soils of Belarus: Experimental Research and Mathematical Modelling – G.P. Brovka and E.N. Rovdan
Physico-Water Properties of Peat-Muck Soils – E. Brzostowski, D. Kowalski and W. Olszta
Wettability and Wetting Rate of Sphagnum Peat and Turf on Dune Sand Effected by Surfactant Treatments – L.W. Dekker, C.J. Ritsema and K. Oostindie
Spatial Variability of Hydraulic Properties in Moorsh Layer – T. Gnatowski, J. Szatyłowicz, T. Brandyk and R. Oleszczuk
Impact de l'incorporation de Deux Types de Polymères Hydrophiles sur les Propriétés Physiques d’un Substrat Tourbeux et sur la Croissance du Surfinia (Petunia x hybrida ‘rose foncé’) / Impact of Two Hydrophilic Polymers on the Physical Properties of a Peat Substrate and the Growth of Surfinia (Petunia x Hybrida ‘Brilliant Pink’) – P. Jobin, J. Caron, C. Ménard and B. Dansereau
Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Holocene Peat of the Philippi Peatland, Hellas: Preliminary Results – S. Kalaitzidis and K. Christanis
Humification Contributes to Detoxification of Low-Molecular Phenolic Compounds – R. Klöcking, B. Helbig and P. Wutzler
The Effect of Depth and Mire Gases on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Peat – M. Korpijaakko, H. Nykänen and P.J. Martikainen
The Physical and Chemical Bases of Peat Processing Technologies – I.I. Lishtvan
Impact of Various Genesis on Chemical Structure of Peat Humic Substances – V. Maryganova
Relations entre propriétés physiques, degré de décomposition et mouillabilité des tourbes / Relationships between Physical Properties, Degree of Decomposition and Wettability of Peats – J.-C. Michel and L.-M. Rivière
The Method of Nitrate Reduction in Peat Substrates – V. Perfilieva
Continuous Quantity Measurement of Bulk Deliveries of Peat, Growing Media and Constituents Using the Volumeter – A. Zubrägel

Peat Biological Properties / Propriétés biologiques des tourbes

Peat as a Carrier of Microbial Cultures – E. Bolton
Efficacy of a Commercial Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculant in Reducing Disease Development in Peat-Based Media – L. Dehbi, G. Roy and S. Gagné
Biological Activity of Peat Growth Stimulator and its Fractions – L.V. Kasimova and A.V. Kravets
Use of Peat Extracts as Substrate for the Growth of a Carotenoid Producing Microorganism – A.M. Martin and M. Sivagurunathan
Qualitative Analysis of Actinobacterial Communities of Cattail Rhizoplane – H.M. Rifaat, K. Márialigeti and G. Kovács

COMMISSION V – AFTER-USE OF PEATLANDS / AMÉNAGEMENT DES TOURBIÈRES RÉSIDUELLES

Regeneration Processes in Cutover Peatlands / Processus de régénération dans les tourbières exploitées

Natural Vegetation Process in the Peat Production Site of an Aapa Mire in Northern Finland – P. Åman, H. Uosukainen and H.-K. Vertanen
Headwater Peatland Changes Following Remediation in an Experimental Watershed Affected by Sudbury Nickel and Copper Smelters – P. Beckett and J. Salmi
The Colonisation Potential of Peatland Plants Recolonising Post-Vacuum-Extracted Bogs – D.R. Campbell, L. Rochefort and C. Lavoie
The Role of Stream Restoration in Restoring Riverine Wetlands and Historically Drained Peat Soils – R.A. Gearheart
Les tourbières exploitées du Bas-Saint-Laurent : quand la nature reprend ses droits / Cut-Over Peatlands of Southern Québec: Back to Nature – M. Girard, C. Lavoie and M. Thériault
Maximising the Natural Ecological Potential of Industrial Cutaway Peatlands in Ireland – R.G. Rowlands and J. Feehan
Increment Rate of the Upper Peat Layer in Drained Bogs in the Pre-Alps (Germany) – J. Sliva and M. Droesler
Vegetation Succession Controls Methane Emission from Restored Cut-Away Peatland – E.-S. Tuittila, V.-M. Komulainen, H. Vasander, H. Nykänen, P. J. Martikainen and J. Laine

Restoration of Cutover Peatlands / Restauration des tourbières exploitées

The Use of Companion Species or Straw Mulch Cover: Microclimatic Conditions and Implication for Sphagnum Re-Establishment – S. Boudreau and L. Rochefort
Comportement des sphaignes en phase d’établissement dans une tourbière résiduelle / Establishment Response of Four Sphagnum Species on Cutover Peatland – C.C. Chirino et L. Rochefort
Effects of Mulch, Companion Species, and Planting Time on Restoration of Post-Harvested Minnesota Peatlands, U.S.A. – K.W. Johnson, C.C. Maly and T.J. Malterer
Peat Bog Restoration Challenges at the Industrial Scale in Canada – D. Le Quéré and C. Samson
A Hydrological Study of Garryduff Bog – Investigating the Potential for Wetland Creation on Low-Lying Industrial Cutaway in Ireland – U. Leader, G. McNally and T. Henry
Species Composition and Aboveground Net Primary Production after Rewetting a Fen in North-Eastern Germany – M. Richert

Ecological Functions of Cutover Peatlands / Fonctions écologiques des tourbières exploitées

Production Rate and Water Content of Sphagnum on Restored Cutover Peatlands: Comparison with Natural Areas – S. Campeau and L. Rochefort
Functions of Self-Restored Peat Accumulation – E. Lode, L. Lundin and M. Ilomets
Contemporary and Long-Term Peat Oxidation Rates in a Post-Vacuum Harvested Peatland – P. McNeil, J.M. Waddington, C. Lavoie, J.S. Price and L. Rochefort
Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Colonisation of Artificial Water Bodies on Cutaway Oceanic Raised Bog in Ireland – Á. O Connor, B. Kavanagh and J.D. Reynolds
Bare Peat Substrate Instability in Peatland Restoration: Problems and Solutions – F. Quinty and L. Rochefort
The Effect of Mineral Soil on Plant Colonization of Mined Peat Surfaces at Rexton Bog, New Brunswick, Canada – M. Spencer Famous
Does Restoration of Peatlands Imply Restoration of Peatland Dragonfly Fauna? – G.-J. van Duinen, H. van Kleef, J.T. Kuper, S.A. Lomans, T.M.J. Peeters, D. Scarse, J.G.M. Roelofs and H. Esselink

Policy and Management of Cutover Peatlands / Aspects politiques et aménagement des tourbières exploitées

Restauration des tourbières et des milieux humides : la vision à long terme de Premier Tech / Restoration of Peat Bogs and Wetland Areas: Premier Tech’s Long-Term Vision – B. Bélanger
The Status of the Peat Moss Industry in Saskatchewan, Canada: The Regulatory Perspective – R.J. Busch
Cranberry Culture as a Reclamation Option / La Culture de la Canneberge Comme une Alternative de Reclamation – L. Chiasson and G. Chiasson
Water Management for Sustainable Development of the Tropical Peatland in West Johore, Malaysia – L. Chow Hock
A Decision Support System for Managing the Radiative Force of Irish Ombrotrophic Peatlands – A.J. Gilmer, N.M. Holden, S.M. Ward, A. Brereton and E.P. Farrell
Wise Use of Wetland Soil Resources in the West of Jilin Province, China – Z. Hongyan
State and Perspective of Use of Urban Peatlands in Belarus – T. Kukharchyk and S. Kakareka
New Federal (National) Wetlands Regulations and Their Impact on the Peat Industry in the U.S.A. – T.J. Malterer, K.W. Johnson and S.H. Valppu
Developing Optimum Strategies for Rehabilitating Overburden Stockpiles at the Grasberg Mine, Irian Jaya, Indonesia – J. Stanley, R. Buxton, P. Alspach, C. Morgan, D. Martindale and W. Sarosa
Wise Use of Fen Peatlands in Germany – W. Wichtmann
Recent Land Use Change and Water Quality of Small Ponds in Ishikari Peatlands, Japan – M. Yazawa, S. Yamazaki and S. Kondo

Hydrological Processes in Cutover Peatlands / Processus hydrologiques des tourbières exploitées

Water Consumption of Wetland Plants in a Temperate Climate – A. Behrendt, G. Schalitz, D. Hölzel, L. Müller, U. Schindler and R. Dannowski
Water Consumption by Wetland Vegetation in Northeastern Germany – R. Dannowski, O. Dietrich and R. Tauschke
Strategies for Re-Wetting of Degraded Fens in Germany – O. Dietrich, J. Blankenburg, R. Dannowski and H.-H. Hennings
Ecohydrological System Analysis as a Basis for Peatland Restoration in the Eider Valley, Germany – M. Trepel, W. Kluge and G. Wiedemann
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Soil Moisture, Water-Pressure and Water Table Position: Linkages with Sphagnum Recolonisation in a Block-Cut Bog, Québec – G.S. Whitehead and J.S. Price

Biogeochemistry of Cutover Peatlands / Biogéochimie des tourbières exploitées

Effects of a Flooding Regime on the Sink Function for Chemicals of Rewetted Fen sites – D. Balla and A. Gensior
Methane Fluxes at Natural, Harvested and Restored Peatlands, Eastern Canada – N. Basiliko, T. Moore, M. Dalva and N. Roulet
Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Restored Industrial Cutaway Peatlands in Central Ireland – K.A. Byrne, E.P. Farrell and P. O’Toole
The Effect of Restoration on Carbon Cycling in Bogs, Eastern Québec – S. Glatzel, T. Moore, N. Roulet, M. Dalva and D. Van Dyk
Leaching of Nitrogen and Phosphorous from a Cutover Peatland – B. Kløve
Effect of Peat Land Use on Surface Water Carbon Content – R. McDonnell, N.M. Holden, S.M. Ward, J.F. Collins and E.P. Farrell
The Cut-Away Peat Areas as Carbon Sinks in Finland – P. Selin, V. Klemetti and T. Nyrönen
Bog restoration by floating raft formation: the roles of methane, bicarbonate and sulphate – A.J.P. Smolders, H.B.M. Tomassen, L.P.M. Lamers and J.G.M. Roelofs
Water quality changes in a peat-based artificial lake in Northern Europe – T. Väyrynen and K. Heikkinen

COMMISSION VI - PEAT BALNEOLOGY, MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS / USAGES THÉRAPEUTIQUES, MÉDICINAUX ET BALNÉAIRES DE LA TOURBE

Peat as a material source for balneology / Les produits de la tourbe pour la balnéologie

Influence of torfot on generalized epileptical activity – V. Ivanov, S. Shchipun and J. Nazarenko
The tradition and modernity in cosmetics manufacturing: a key to success of Torf Corporation – M. Karwan
Balneological research of peat types and their applications for peat therapies in Finland – R. Korhonen
Antitoxic properties of huminat preparation produced from peat – T. Lotosh and A. Abramova
Adaptogens of peat of Ukraine – V. Solovieva, H. Sotnikova, T. Lotosh and V. Ivanov
A protective and reactivating action of guminate in simulated lesions of the retina – H. Sotnikova, V. Plevinskis and N. Dumbrova
The adaptive action of the peat preparations effect – L. Stepchenko

COMMISSION VII - PEATLAND FORESTRY / TOURBIÈRES FORESTIÈRES

Peatland forestry / Tourbières forestières

Effects of drainage maintenance on the quality of runoff from Finnish peatland forests – E. Ahti, S. Joensuu, M. Nieminen and M. Vuollekoski
Root penetration of Scots pine and silver birch on cut-away peatlands – L. Aro
Spatial and temporal patterns in groundwater table level after thinning in a spruce mire – H. Hökkä, T. Penttilä and M. Sipola
Influence of drainage on water quality in the wetlands forests – A. Indriksons and P. Zalitis
Effect of drainage on structural diversity of boreal forested mire margin communities in Finland – L. Korpela
Water environment care at peatland forestry practices – L. Lundin
Impact of the 1997 fires on the peatlands of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia – S.E. Page, J.O. Rieley, H.-D.V. Böhm, F. Siegert and N.Z. Muhamad
Effects of reduced intra-specific competition in Scots pine on drained peatlands – T. Penttilä, H. Hökkä and R. Laiho
Leaching from wood ash fertilized drained peatlands – S. Piirainen and L. Finér
Leaching of phosphorus fertiliser applied on cutaway peatland forests recently established in Central Ireland – F. Renou, S. Jones and E.P. Farrell
Wood properties of Norway spruce (Picea abies) harvested from drained peatland forests – J. Rikala and M. Sipi
Effect of drainage and microtopography in forested wetlands on growth of planted black spruce seedlings – V. Roy, A.P. Plamondon and N. Pitre
The development of stand structure in drained peatland forests dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies) – S. Sarkkola, V. Alenius, H. Hökkä, R. Laiho, T. Penttilä and J. Päivänen

SPECIAL CONTRIBUTIONS / CONTRIBUTIONS SPÉCIALES

Mires as a source of inspiration for Finnish short stories – H. Vasander, H. Herttuainen, K. Aapala and L. Heikkilä-Palo

LATE SUBMISSIONS / SOUMISSIONS TARDIVES

Carbon in tropical peatlands – A. Jaya, S.E. Page, J.O. Rieley and F. Siegert
Continuous recording of dissolved gas concentration in a peat profile: field and laboratory testing – M.A. Mastepanov, N.S. Panikov and T.R. Christensen

IPS SYMPOSIA AND ROUND TABLE DISCUSSIONS / COLLOQUES ET TABLES RONDES DE LA SIT

SYMPOSIA / COLLOQUES

SCIENTIFIC TOOLS FOR PEATLAND CONSERVATION / LA CONSERVATION DES TOURBIÈRES: LES BASES SCIENTIFIQUES — Co-Chairs: Claude Lavoie and André Desrochers

Peatlands, Invertebrates and Palaeoecology: a Case Study from the Humberhead Levels, United Kingdom — P.C. Buckland, B. Eversham and S. Warburton
Bog Conservation: A Canadian Perspective — A. Desrochers, C. Lavoie, S. Pellerin and M. Poulin
Man and the Peat: A Swedish Perspective — R. Engelmark
Conservation of the Biodiversity of Mires in Finland — R. Heikkilä and T. Lindholm
Peatland Conservation in Central and Southern Europe — H. Joosten

CARBON BALANCE OF PEATLANDS / BILAN DU CARBONE DES TOURBIÈRES — Chair: Nigel Roulet

Carbon Dynamics of Large Northern Peatlands: Radiocarbon and Stable Isotope Analyses — L. Chasar, J. Chanton, P. Glaser, D. Siegel and J. Rivers
Biogenic Controls on Carbon Cycling and Methane Emissions in Northern Wetland Ecosystems — T.R. Christensen
Modelling the Long-Term Carbon Dynamics of Peatlands — R. Clymo
A Decade of Carbon Gas Exchange between the Atmosphere and a Temperate Poor Fen — P.M. Crill
Modeling the Carbon Balance of Northern Peatlands — S. Frolking, N.T. Roulet, T.R. Moore, B. Ouyang, J.L. Bubier, P.J.H. Richard and P.M. Crill
Annual Net Ecosystem Exchange of CO₂ at a Boreal Bog — P. Lafleur
Carbon Balance in Northern Peatlands and Global Change — J. Laine
Plant Production and Decomposition in Carbon Cycling — T. Moore
Response of Peatland Ecosystems to Climate Change: A Manipulative Experiment — J. Pastor, S. Bridgham, K. Updegraff, J. Keller, P. Weishampel, C. Harth, B. Dewey and J. Weltzin
Response of Sphagnum Mosses to Increased CO₂ Concentration and NH₄NO₃ Availability — S. Saanio, J. Juahainen, T. Saarinen, H. Vasander and J. Silvola
Carbon Accumulation in Boreal and Subarctic Mires — J. Turunen
Empirical Modelling of Present and Future Carbon Balance of Sphagnum Peatlands — R.K. Wieder

ORGANIC SOIL QUALITY ASSESSMENT / ÉVALUATION DE LA QUALITÉ DES SOLS ORGANIQUES — Chair: Léon-Étienne Parent

Remediation Requirements for Cutover Peatlands — J. Blankenburg
Hydro-Physical Properties of Histic Soils — T. Brandy, J. Szatyłowicz, R. Oleszczuk and T. Gnatowski
Irreversible Transformations of Organic Soil Properties after Drainage for Agriculture — P. Ilincki and J. Zeitz
Quality of Peat Soils of Cutover Peatlands in Russia: Methods for Determination and Assessment Criteria — V.N. Kreshtapova, R.A. Krupnovand and O.N. Uspenskaya
Quality of Organic Soils as Related to Pedogenesis — H. Okruszko and P. Ilincki
Nutrient Cycles in Cultivated Organic Soils — L.E. Parent
Remote Sensing of Organic Soil Moisture Using SAR Radarsat — A.A. Viau, R. Mathieu, L.E. Parent, F. Anctil and M. Sbib

RESTORATION OF SPHAGNUM DOMINATED PEATLANDS / RESTAURATION DE TOURBIÈRES À SPHAGNES — Co-Chairs: Line Rochefort and Jonathan Price

Rehabilitation of Industrial Cutaway Atlantic Blanket Bog, NW Ireland — C.A. Farrell and G.J. Doyle
Restoring or Repairing Damaged Peatlands? The Approach of Western Europe, A Densely Populated Area — P. Grosvernier, A. Buttler, P. Frankard and N. Dupieux
Peatland Restoration: Natural Processes Against All Odds? — C. Lavoie, P. Grosvernier, M. Girard, K. Marcoux and D.R. Campbell
Hydrological Processes in Abandoned and Restored Peatlands — J. Price, A.L. Heathwaite, A. Baird and J. Blankenburg
North American Approach to Peatland Restoration — L. Rochefort, F. Quinty, S. Campeau, D.H. Vitt, K.W. Johnson and T.J. Malterer
Plant Reintroduction in Cut-Over Sphagnum Dominated Peatlands — J. Silva
Restoration of Peatlands in Northern Europe — H. Vasander, E. Lode, L. Lundin, M. Ilomets, T. Sallantaus, E-S. Tuittila and J. Laine
Production and Decomposition Functions in Restored Peatlands — J.M. Waddington, L. Rochefort and S. Campeau
Conservation Management of Australasian Sphagnum Peatlands — J. Whinam, P. Adam, P. Alspach and J. Wilmshurst

CHARACTERIZING THE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PEAT AND PEAT-BASED SUBSTRATES FOR HORTICULTURAL USE / CARACTÉRISATION DES PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES, CHIMIQUES ET HYDROLOGIQUES DE LA TOURBE ET DES SUBSTRATS TOURBEUX UTILISÉS EN HORTICULTURE — Chair: Ron Walden

Measuring Physical Properties of Substrates in Containers — J. Caron
Does This Peat Meet the Horticultural Grade? — J.-Y. Daigle
Monitoring and Managing Nutrition in the Greenhouse — W.C. Fonteno
The Measurement of the Volume of Horticultural Substrates — L.-M. Rivière and P. Morel
The RHP Quality Control System for Substrates — W.L. van Schie
Determining the Surfactant Requirement of Peat-Based Horticultural Substrates — R. Walden, K. Browne and M. Olszewski

EFFECTS OF ELEVATED CO₂ AND N DEPOSITION ON VEGETATION DYNAMICS AND CH₄ EMISSIONS OF EUROPEAN BOGS: RESULTS OF THE BOG ECOSYSTEM RESEARCH INITIATIVE / EFFETS DES TAUX ÉLEVÉS DE CO₂ ET DE DÉPOSITION DE N SUR LA DYNAMIQUE DE LA VÉGÉTATION ET LES ÉMISSIONS DE CH₄ DES BOGS EUROPÉENS: RÉSULTATS DES “BOG ECOSYSTEM RESEARCH INITIATIVE” — Co-Chairs: Marcel R. Hoosbeek and Harri Vasander

Isotopic Insights into Peatland CH₄ Dynamics under Elevated CO₂ and N Deposition — A.L. Greenup, J.P. Foot, G. Hall, P. Ineson, J.A. Lee and D. Sleep
High N Deposition affects Competition between Sphagnum and other Bog Plant Species — M.M.P.D. Heijmans, F. Berendse, N. van Breemen, H. Rydin, A. Buttler, M.R. Hoosbeek, J.A. Lee, E.A.D. Mitchell, S. Saarni, H. Vasander and B. Wallen
Modeling the Effects of Elevated CO₂ and N on the Biogeochemistry of European Bogs — M.R. Hoosbeek, F. Berendse, J.P. Foot, A. Greenup, P. Grosvernier, E.A.D. Mitchell, H. Rydin, T. Saarinen, S. Saarni and B. Wallen
Testate Amoebae (Protozoa) and other Micro-Organisms in Sphagnum Peatlands: Biogeography, Ecology and Effect of Elevated CO₂ — E.A.D. Mitchell, D. Gilbert, A. Buttler, P. Grosvernier, C. Albinsson, H. Rydin, M.M.P.D. Heijmans, M.R. Hoosbeek, A. Greenup, J.P. Foot, T. Saarinen, H. Vasander and J.-M. Gobat
Effects of Elevated CO₂ and N Deposition on CH₄ Emissions from European Bogs — S. Saarni, J. Silvola, J.P. Foot, I. Sundh, A. Greenup, M. Heijmans, A. Joabsson, Edward Mitchell and N. van Breemen
Hypotheses, Methods and Major Results of the Bog Ecosystem Research Initiative — N. van Breemen, M.R. Hoosbeek, B. Wallen, H. Rydin, J.A. Lee, J. Silvola, H. Vasander, F. Berendse and P. Grosvernier

HIGH BUT NOT DRY: REGENERATION OF PEAT / LA RÉGÉNÉRATION DE LA TOURBE: UNE POSSIBILITÉ — Co-Chairs: Alan Shaw and Nick Temple-Heald

Guidelines for Wetland Restoration of Peat Cutting Areas – The Bridge Project — J. Blankenburg, M. Goosen, L. Lundin, P. Money, W.J. Tonnis and B. Wheeler
A Novel In-Situ Approach to Estimate the Equivalent Hydraulic Conductivity of Heterogeneous, Low Permeability Peats — J. Bromley and M. Robinson
Raised Bog Formation in Mesotrophic Fens — J.G.M. Roelofs, L.P.M. Lamers, H.B.M. Tomassen and A.J.P. Smolders
The Colonisation of Fens by Sphagnum, An Alternative Approach to Bog Restoration? — B.D. Wheeler, R.P. Money and G. van Wirdum

CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT ISSUES OF NAKAIKEMI MARSH, CENTRAL HONSHU, JAPAN / CONSERVATION VS DEVELOPPEMENT DE NAKAIKEMI – UNE ÉTUDE DE CAS DU JAPON — Chair: Ray Hughes

Preservation of Natural Environment in Nakaikemi — T. Fujii
Flora of Nakaikemi Wetland in Tsuruga and Significance of its Conservation as Viewed from the Present Status of Wetland Flora in Japan — Y. Kadono
Vegetation and Successional Stages of Nakaikemi, Tsuruga, Central Honshu, Japan — C. Karasaki
Plant-Pollinator Interactions and Complex Ecological Networks among Biota of Nakaikemi in Tsuruga, Central Honshu, Japan — M. Kato
Unique Geology, Ecosystems and Rich Biodiversity in Nakaikemi, Tsuruga, Central Honshu, Japan — S. Kawano
Succession and the Flora and Fauna of Nakaikemi — M. Nakamoto and T. Fujii
Wetlands and Spiders: A Study of Mires Assessment with Spiders — S.-I. Saito
Experiment in Land Management for the Conservation of Rare Plant Species and Diverse Vegetation — H. Sekioka, M. Shimoda and M. Nakamoto
History, Agriculture and Vegetation of Nakaikemi, Fukui Prefecture, Japan — M. Shimoda
A Unique Dragonfly Fauna in Nakaikemi, Central Honshu, Japan — S. Wada
Environmental Changes of Nakaikemi-Mire — Y. Yasuda, S. Miyamoto, H. Sekioka and M. Shimoda
Palaeoecological Studies of Nakaikemi-Mire in Fukui Prefecture, Japan — Y. Yasuda

ROUND TABLE DISCUSSIONS / TABLES RONDES

TROPICAL PEATLANDS - PRESSING ISSUES / LES TOURBIÈRES TROPICALES — Convenor: Jack Rieley

Tropical Peatlands - Pressing Issues — J. Rieley
Endemic fish of peatland in Malaysia — A. Ali
Loss of Tropical Peatlands: Lessons from the Boreal / Temperate Zone — H. Joosten
Biodiversity of Tropical Peatlands — S.E. Page
Overview of Tropical Peatlands: Location, Extent, Importance and Impacts — J.O. Rieley
Hydrological and Meteorological Processes in a Tropical Peatland — H. Takahashi

Index of Authors / Index des auteurs
The International Peat Society / la Société internationale de la tourbe